Bible Strands
Joshua 13:12
the whole kingdom of Og in Bashan, who had reigned in Ashtaroth and Edrei and had remained as a remnant of the Rephaim. Moses had struck them down and dispossessed them,
Berean Standard Bible
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Study note
Setting — Joshua records the northern transjordan territories during the initial land distribution phase. He catalogs the defeated kingdom of Og while immediately contrasting it with the unconquered Geshurites and Maacathites in the following verse.
The words — The Hebrew מַמְלְכ֥וּת (mam.le.Khut) designates the political domain of Og, and עוֹג֙ ('Og) identifies the ruler himself. The text explicitly notes he "reigned" (מָלַ֥ךְ, ma.Lakh) in Ashtaroth and Edrei before Moses struck him down and dispossessed his territory.
The thread — This inventory corresponds to the conquest narrative in Numbers 21:33-35 and Deuteronomy 3:1-12. Joshua 12:4 later reiterates Og's classification as a remnant of the Rephaim who ruled from those same cities.
Why it lands — The verse states the historical extent of Moses' victory while setting up the immediate failure to fully displace the Geshurites and Maacathites. It demands the reader recognize that documented conquest does not automatically equal complete territorial possession.
Drafted by a language model from the text, its original words and its cross-references, then checked against them. It can still be wrong: open the verse in the app to report it.
The Hebrew words
King James Version
All the kingdom of Og in Bashan, which reigned in Ashtaroth and in Edrei, who remained of the remnant of the giants: for these did Moses smite, and cast them out.
Cross-references
- Joshua 12:4 And Og king of Bashan, one of the remnant of the Rephaim, who lived in Ashtaroth and Edrei.
- Numbers 21:23 But Sihon would not let Israel pass through his territory. Instead, he gathered his whole army and went out to confront Israel in the wilderness. When he came to Jahaz, he fought against Israel.
- Deuteronomy 3:10 all the cities of the plateau, all of Gilead, and all of Bashan as far as the cities of Salecah and Edrei in the kingdom of Og.
- Joshua 14:3 For Moses had given the inheritance east of the Jordan to the other two and a half tribes. But he granted no inheritance among them to the Levites.